PinToo之ModbusRTU控制LED燈

1. 說明

  範例採用ModbusRTU通訊協議，控制駁接在Arduino上的LED燈。ModbusRTU傳輸方式為1個主機對應多個從機，此時使用從機的從機號來做識別，如果主機傳輸的從機號對應到該從機的號碼，如果格式正確該從機會作迴應。因此在Modbus傳輸中，每個從機都是被動的，在運行過程中會不斷監聽是否有收到請求。範例中的Arduino ModbusRTU設定為從機，等待主機發出指令進行各種控制活動。每個從機都有固定的保持暫存器的地址，需參照規範來進行存取。範例中也設定從機號與控制參數的地址。

  範例中使用TTL轉RS-485模組（簡稱為TTL485）,作為數據傳輸轉換的裝置，用於PC設備與Modbus RTU設備間的數據傳輸，單條485匯流排可以支援32個ModbusRTU設備。範例中採用TTL485擴充套件Arduino開發板在ModbusRTU的功能。TTL485與Arduino開發板的連線方式如下：

TTL485針腳	Arduino針腳	功能
RO	RX	接受資訊
RE	D2	收發控制
DE	D2	收發控制
DI	TX	發送資訊
VCC	5V	供電
GND	GND	接地線

  通過範例學習，可以掌握TfxUsbSerial元件的基本屬性設備，並結合Arduino開發板進行通訊埠LED燈的控制功能。

2. 零件連線圖

3. 使用零件

序	零件名稱	數量
1	Arduino UNO R3 開發板	1
2	USB數據線	1
3	TTL轉RS-485模組	1
4	USB轉485接頭	1
5	麵包板	1
6	杜邦線	若干
7	LED燈	1
8	220歐姆電阻	1

4. Arduino流程圖

5. Arduino程式

  使用Arduino IDE 編譯並上傳以下Arduino程式。

// 使用鏈接庫 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bx5wWRfN_z7oMDlZMDhWbXM2VFU/view
// 使用擴充模組 Arduino Sensor Shield 感測器擴充套件板 V5 XBee RS485 
#include <modbus.h>
#include <modbusDevice.h>
#include <modbusRegBank.h>
#include <modbusSlave.h>
#define LED_PIN 8                                              // 定義LED PIN為8
modbusDevice regBank;                                          // 宣告 Modbus
modbusSlave slave;

#define RS485TxEnablePin 2
#define RS485Baud 9600                                       //波特率9600
#define RS485Format SERIAL_8N1                               //通訊格式 8個數據位 無校驗 一個停止位

void setup() {
   pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);                                 // 設定PIN 8為輸出模式
   regBank.setId(3);                                         // 設定 Modus 從機號=3
   regBank.add(40001);                                       // 設定會使用到之 Holding Register 之地址
   regBank.add(40002);  
   slave._device = &regBank;                                 // 啟動 modbus RTU
   slave.setBaud(&Serial,RS485Baud,RS485Format,RS485TxEnablePin);
}

void loop() {
   // PIN 8輸出為HIGH or 1 ,LED點亮 輸出為LOW or 0,LED熄滅
   digitalWrite(LED_PIN, regBank.get(40001));  
   delay(500);                                                //延時500ms
   slave.run();    
   delay(500);
 }

6. 設計明細

  開啟PinToo設計器，分別加入下插圖之控制元件。或者點選左上角的[打開模板Lib檔案]選擇模板檔案來打開對應模板。

  ①：TfxSuperButton元件，控制元件名稱為fxSuperButtonPaired。

  ②：TfxUsbSerial元件，控制元件名稱為fxUsbSerial1。

  ③：TfxSwitchButton元件，控制元件名稱為fxSwitchButton2。

  ④：TfxSwitchButton元件，控制元件名稱為fxSwitchButton1。

  ⑤：TfxComboBox元件，控制元件名稱為fxComboBoxPaired。

  ⑥：TfxSuoerButto鈕元件，控制元件名稱為fxSuperButtonServices。

• fxRunFrame屬性設定

  • Height：設定頁面高度=800。
  • Width：設定頁面寬度=400。

• ①fxSuperButtonPaired屬性設定

  • Height：設定控制元件高度=40。
  • Width：設定控制元件寬度=40。
  • ButtonType：設定按鈕型別，設定為TfxSvgButton。
  • Name：設定控制元件名稱=fxSuperButtonPaired。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：設定SVG數據，其數據內容如下。

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• ②fxUsbSerial1屬性設定

  • UsbSerialType：通訊埠通訊協議型別，此處設定為RS485。

• ③fxSwitchButton2屬性設定

  • Height：設定控制元件高度=200。
  • Width：設定控制元件寬度=200。
  • HitTest：是否響應點選操作，設定為False。
  • SwitchOffBmp：設定開關狀態為關時顯示的影象，雙擊該屬性或者點選屬性右側的[...]打開影象編輯器。點選[Load...]打開資源管理器，選擇所需的圖片後點擊[打開]，選擇的影象會顯示在預覽框中。可在該頁面下進行裁切或者縮放畫素以使影象與控制元件的寬度高度相適應，修改完成後點選[OK]按鈕完成影象修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：設定開關狀態為開時顯示的影象，雙擊該屬性或者點選屬性右側的[...]打開影象編輯器。點選[Load...]打開資源管理器，選擇所需的圖片後點擊[打開]，選擇的影象會顯示在預覽框中。可在該頁面下進行裁切或者縮放畫素以使影象與控制元件的寬度高度相適應，修改完成後點選[OK]按鈕完成影象修改。

  

• ④fxSwitchButton1屬性設定

  • Height：設定控制元件高度=200。
  • Width：設定控制元件寬度=200。
  • SwitchOffBmp：設定開關狀態為關時顯示的影象，雙擊該屬性或者點選屬性右側的[...]打開影象編輯器。點選[Load...]打開資源管理器，選擇所需的圖片後點擊[打開]，選擇的影象會顯示在預覽框中。可在該頁面下進行裁切或者縮放畫素以使影象與控制元件的寬度高度相適應，修改完成後點選[OK]按鈕完成影象修改。

  

  • SwitchOnBmp：設定開關狀態為開時顯示的影象，雙擊該屬性或者點選屬性右側的[...]打開影象編輯器。點選[Load...]打開資源管理器，選擇所需的圖片後點擊[打開]，選擇的影象會顯示在預覽框中。可在該頁面下進行裁切或者縮放畫素以使影象與控制元件的寬度高度相適應，修改完成後點選[OK]按鈕完成影象修改。

  

• ⑤fxComboBoxPaired屬性設定

  • Height：設定控制元件高度=30。
  • Width：設定控制元件寬度=150。

• ⑥fxSuperButtonServices屬性設定

  • Height：設定控制元件高度=40。
  • Width：設定控制元件寬度=40。
  • ButtonType：設定按鈕型別，設定為TfxSvgButton。
  • Name：設定控制元件名稱=fxSuperButtonServices。
  • ButtonType.SvgData：設定SVG數據，其數據內容如下。

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7. 程式設計

  點選程式設計界面右下角的按鈕，切換至單元選擇界面，勾選需要使用的單元。該程式需要引用uUsbSerial單元。

7.1. 程式初始設定

  程式在關閉視窗前對開通訊埠連線。

Procedure fxRunFrameBeforeClose(Sender: TObject);
//關閉窗體前關閉通訊埠
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
End;

7.2. 事件設定

• ①fxSuperButtonPaired-OnClick事件

  點選按鈕，載入通訊埠設備列表並顯示。

Procedure fxSuperButtonPairedOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//載入設備列表
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
  ComboBoxPaired.Items := fxUsbSerial1.Devices;
  ComboboxPaired.DropDown;
  fxSuperButtonPaired.Enabled := False;
End;

• ⑤fxComboBoxPaired-OnChange事件

  點選按鈕，切換連線的設備。

Procedure ComboBoxPairedOnChange(Sender: TObject);
//切換配對設備
Begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Close;
  fxUsbSerial1.UsbDevice := ComboBoxPaired.Items[ComboBoxPaired.ItemIndex];
  fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('通訊埠已關閉，請選擇後重新打開通訊埠',2.0,100);
End;

• ⑥fxSuperButtonServices-OnClick事件

  點選以開啟通訊埠通訊。

Procedure fxSuperButtonServicesOnClick(Sender: TObject);
//開啟埠通訊埠
begin
  fxUsbSerial1.Open(True);
End;

• ④fxSwitchButton1-OnSwitch事件

  點選切換開關。

Procedure fxSwitchButton1OnSwitch(Sender: TObject);
//開啟、關閉LED
Begin
  if fxSwitchButton1.IsChecked Then
  //開啟LED燈
  begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteMultipleRegisters(3,0,1,'1'); //發送 1 字元，打開LED
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED燈已開啟',2.0,100);
  End
  else
  Begin
    fxUsbSerial1.WriteMultipleRegisters(3,0,1,'0'); //發送 0 字元，關閉LED
    fxRDToastMessage1.ShowToastMessage('LED燈已關閉',2.0,100);
  End;
  fxSwitchButton2.IsChecked := fxSwitchButton1.IsChecked;
End;

8. 運行結果

  使用滑鼠在 PinToo 功能表，點選[除錯運行]按鈕，測試運行結果。

  通過同步中心，將程式上傳至手機PinToo運行；同步時，請確保手機已經運行PinToo，並且已經登陸。

  將RS485轉USB的一端與手機的USB相連，點選左上角的配對按鈕，選擇對應的通訊埠，點選右側的按鈕開啟通訊埠連線，點選控制區的開關按鈕，當控制區燈亮時LED燈亮；當控制區燈滅時，LED燈滅。